Songzhou Academy: a major source of Chinese academies
Author: Zhu Qing
Source: “Study Times”
Time: Confucius 257 Ji Chou on the 9th day of the 11th month of the 2nd year of Renyin
Jesus died on December 2, 2022
The emergence of Chinese academies was nearly 1,300 years ago Year. “In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), the Jixian Hall Book Repair House was renamed Jixian Hall Academy.” According to “Tang Liu Dian”, the Jixian Hall Academy established in the Tang Xuanzong court was called ZhongJamaicans EscortThe earliest academy in the country. Fujian established academies in the Tang Dynasty and is one of the main birthplaces of Chinese academies. During the same period, “there are seventeen academies listed in local chronicles as being established in the Tang Dynasty.” Songzhou Academy is among them.
Played the overture and strong note of the spread of Chinese civilization to the south
The “Fu Jamaica Sugar Jiantong Chronicles” recorded by Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty records “Songzhou Academy: In Zhangzhou Prefecture, Tang Chen Jue and scholars “People’s Lecture Office”. According to research by Professor Deng Hongbo: “Songzhou Academy was founded in a certain year during the Jinglong period (707-710).” In this way, Songzhou Academy may have been founded more than ten years earlier than Jixiandian Academy. Some events originating from Chinese academies have been in the past for thousands of years, and the modern archival system is not perfect. Historical books compiled by the imperial court may have omitted the inclusion of personnel, making it difficult for future generations to accurately determine the “point in time.” But no matter what, it can be confirmed that Songzhou Academy is an important Chinese academy. “Why would my mother look at the baby like this?” Pei Yi felt a little uncomfortable and couldn’t help but ask. source.
“Zhangzhou Fu Zhi” records that in the second year of Tang Zongzhang (669), the indigenous ethnic groups in the bordering areas of Fujian and Guangdong used force JM Escorts Separatist rule, resisting the imperial court, causing social unrest. “The people were suffering and the barbarians were in chaos, so I begged the commander-in-chief to calm the border areas.” Emperor Gao Zong ordered General Chen Zheng to lead his troops from China to the south Jamaicans SugardaddyPettled. In the second year of Yifeng of Tang Dynasty (677), Chen Zheng died of illness in the army. His son Chen Yuanguang inherited his father’s duties Jamaica Sugar. Tang ChuiJM EscortsIn the second year of Gong’s reign (686), Wu Zetian established Zhangzhou County and Chen Yuanguang was appointed governor.
Chen Yuanguang admired Confucianism, was a man of literary and military skills, read the classics extensively, and was well versed in literature and history. After the military victory of Jamaica Sugar and the establishment of the county of Zhangzhou, he settled in DunJamaicans Escort Civilize the indigenous refugees and set up 36 forts in the appeasement area. During the Jinglong JM Escorts period, Chen Yuanguang petitioned the imperial court for permission to establish a strategic location in Longxi County “Songzhou Fort” (now a Punan Town, Xiangcheng District) chose a place to run a school, named it “Xingxiang Xu” and “Songzhou Academy”. His son Chen Jue was in charge of academic affairs. Songzhou Academy became the first private education institution with official academic background in the history of Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. In the Tang Dynasty, many scholars established education, but few military generals established schools. Chen Yuanguang was the first Confucian general to establish an academy.
After the completion of Songzhou Academy JM Escorts, Zhangzhou County has been The jurisdiction selects Jamaicans Sugardaddy a group of Diocesan students to study the “Five Classics” here as a reserve for recommending talents to the Shangshu Province. Influenced by his father, Chen Jue was eager to learn since childhood, good at poetry and poetry, and had many talents. He failed in the Ming Dynasty and was appointed to the Imperial Academy. He was in charge of Songzhou Academy under JM Escorts, where he not only taught scriptures but also practiced martial arts. “Zhangzhou Fu Zhi” says: “When the state was first established, Jue introduced the ancient meanings to the customs, which benefited many people.” Chen Jue was praised for teaching the people with etiquette and justice, changing customs, and had a great effect. After Chen Jue taught for three years, because his father was martyred in the war, he was ordered to take over as the governor of Zhangzhou, so he left Songzhou Academy. In the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty (737), 57-year-old Chen Jue returned to his fields and returned to Songzhou Academy to give lectures until his death at the age of 62.
As far as the nature of the academy is concerned, teaching is its basic function. However, the important responsibility of Jixiandian Academy in the Tang Dynasty was to “compile ancient and modern classics in a journal to identify the canon of the country and prepare advisors to deal with it.” It did not teach students. Songzhou Academy had lectures since its establishment. In comparison, as an educational organization, Songzhou Academy is more worthy of its name. It is widely believed in the academic circles: “Songzhou Academy is the first academy in my country with relatively complete teaching effectivenessJamaica Sugar is a landmark model in the history of the academy’s development. ”
This shows that Songzhou Academy has played the role of “yes” in the spread of Chinese civilization to the south. “Lan Yuhua nodded. Overture and forte. Chen Yuanguang and Chen Jue not only laid the foundation for the education industry in Zhangzhou, but also had a major and far-reaching influence on the rise of education in southern Fujian and all Fujian. When she got home today, she must ask her mother , is there really such a good mother-in-law in this Jamaicans Escort world? Is there any conspiracy?JM Escorts kind of thing? In short, whenever she thinks “Something will happen.
The writing style and the fragrance of calligraphy fill Zhangzhou
Chen Yuanguang Jamaica Sugar Daddy was tyrannical and courteous, sympathized with the people and promoted religion, and maintained the country well. He was admired by descendants for generations. After his death, the imperial court praised his merits and granted him the title of Marquis of Linzhang in the first year of Houtian (712) of the Tang Dynasty. He was given the posthumous title of “Zhongyi Wenhui” and an ancestral temple was built to enshrine him. In the second year of Zhenyuan of the Tang Dynasty (786), Zhangzhou County was moved from Zhangpu County to Longxi County, and the imperial court chose the location in front of Songzhou Academy. A temple was built in the hall to commemorate the achievements of Chen Yuanguang and his generals in opening Zhangzhou.
In the third year of Zhenghe of the Song Dynasty (1113), Huizong granted the temple “favor”. After that, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was granted the title “Holy King of Kai Zhang”, Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty was granted the title of “Wei Hui Kai Zhang Chen Holy King”, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty issued an edict to hold the “Sacrifice of the Holy King of Kai Zhang”, and ordered civil and civil officials in Zhangzhou to come to Wei Hui Temple twice a year to offer sacrifices. . The “unity of temples and studies” and the “Holy King Sacrifice” highlight the noble position of Songzhou Academy.
More than 460 years after the founding of Songzhou Academy, Zhu Xi took over as the prefect of Zhangzhou in the first year of Song Shaoxi (1190), recalling the legacy of the “sage king”, revitalizing the new meaning of righteousness, and “serious scriptures”. “Jie Hengfu, Dunhuang customs, and spread Confucianism” to eliminate all kinds of bad habits and evils that caused the country’s degeneration and social decadence at that time. In Linzhang, he rectified the county schools, recruited wise men, printed the “Four Books”, and promoted the academy. “Determined” “The officials are strict and disciplined but dare not do whatever they want, and the officials are subject to rope inspection but do not dare to do anything””Private” “The descendants of good families who come from Buddhism will stay in their huts, or return to their hometowns. JM Escorts Their nature is normal.” You can see them in a corner of the south corner. The official administration was clear and the people respected Zou Lu. Zhu Xi climbed to the Dolomites of Zhangzhou and wrote the couplet on the gate of the academy: “The position is proud, the sun and the moon pass over your shoulders every time; the gate is wide, and the mountains and rivers are always seen in the palm of your hand.” This expresses the character of “governing the country and bringing peace to the world”.
As time goes by, with the change of Chen’s rule in Zhangzhou and the change of dynasties, Songzhou Academy gradually fades from people’s sight. However, the “benevolence, justice and etiquette” inherited from it. “Wisdom and Faith” has not declined for thousands of years.
Since the middle of the Tang Dynasty, waves of people from southern Fujian have migrated to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Thousands of temples dedicated to “Kai Kai” have been built at home and abroad. There are more than 300 “Wei Hui Temple” temples in Taiwan alone. The Zhangzhou Academy has also flourished since the Song Dynasty. In the first year of Baoqing of the Song Dynasty (1225), Zhizhou Weizhen was located in the southeast corner of the county. The Longjiang Academy founded at the foot of Tianbao Mountain “has the functions of giving lectures, offering memorial services, collecting books, and publishing books, etc.” Neo-Confucianism spread with great momentum. During the Ming Dynasty, many “academies were banned and destroyed”, and Zhangzhou Academy counterattackedJM Escorts developed to 49 institutions, and the number increased to 61 in the Qing Dynasty. The style of writing is full of fragrance Jamaicans Escortzhou, Chen Chun, Tang Tai, Chen Zhensheng, Cai Lie, Huang Daozhou, Cai Shiyuan and other great scholars who have made great contributions to the history of Chinese civilization have emerged one after another and have illuminated the world. Qiu Jin, a democratic revolutionist in the late Qing Dynasty, was born in Zhangzhou. , his childhood education was “listening to the loud sounds of books in the academy since he was a child”
Continuously proving that “both sides of the Taiwan Strait are one family”
Southern Fujian “Binhai Zoulu” won Benefiting from the cultivation of the academies, they also benefited from the Zhangzhou people’s protection of Chinese civilization.
Collecting historical materials, most academies in the Tang Dynasty had already <a href="https://jamaica. – sugar Daddy . It is a great blessing for Chinese education to go through vicissitudes and reconstructions in the past dynasties. The former site of Songzhou Academy, covering an area of 15 acres, has always maintained the scale of “front temple and backyard”, and the middle hall is dedicated to “Kai Zhang”.Saint Jamaicans Sugardaddy King”, the east and west side halls commemorate Chen Yuanguang’s generals. The back hall is the academy, which is solemn in the past but still has its style; scattered in the courtyard are Tang Dynasty stone carvings, stone drums, stone pillars, stone inkstones, stone chairs, etc. bear witness to the glory of that year. The Songzhou Academy site was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit in 2005. In the past ten years, authorities at all levels have allocated special funds for many projects. Renovated in phases, the library, lecture hall, etc. were rebuilt again in 202Jamaicans Escort0, and the academy history exhibition hall, civilization park, etc. were also built. Supporting facilities. Now, the Songzhou Book is open. It turns out that the northwest border suddenly started in the first two months, and Qizhou, which is adjacent to the border state of Luzhou, suddenly became a recruiting place for all non-only children who are over 16 years old. JM Escorts The capital has become a base for the education of excellent traditional Chinese culture, and has also made a new appearance in the overall pattern of rural revitalization and cultural tourism development in southern Fujian.
In the new era, China’s excellent traditional civilization is blooming with new light. The “academy craze” is rising, and the historical and cultural value of Songzhou Academy has once again attracted social attention. People from all walks of life come here to trace their origins. Looking back on the present, I have many thoughts Jamaicans Escort, expressing my gratitude to our ancestors and being determined to be virtuous and good.
It is worth mentioning that one-third of the people in Taiwan regard themselves as the ethnic group of the “Kai Zhang Holy King” and his followers. It is not difficult to understand why hundreds of academies continue to exist in Taiwan after a century of “Fujian learning eastward”. Uncovering the essence of Songzhou Academy will definitely promote the integration of civilizations across the Taiwan Strait.
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Editor: Jin Fu